Cirrhosis is the advanced stage of liver disease marked by scarring and fibrosis. It occurs when healthy, soft liver tissue is gradually replaced by hard scar tissue. This condition often develops due to prolonged inflammation from infections, heart disease, or continuous injury to the liver.
Liver diseases and damage such as scarring and fibrosis are commonly caused by hepatitis and chronic alcohol abuse. Other causes include infections like schistosomiasis and parasitic infections, disorders affecting the bile ducts, genetic digestive disorders, and metabolic disorders such as galactosemia.
Cirrhosis may present with fatigue, bleeding, itchy skin, jaundice (yellowing of the eyes), loss of appetite, swelling in the legs, confusion, drowsiness, and spider-like blood vessels on the skin. Ignoring these symptoms and avoiding medical care can result in life-threatening liver failure.
If symptoms are noticed, medical evaluation is essential. Diagnosis involves gathering personal and medical history, exposure to toxins or harmful substances, symptoms, and family history. Tests to diagnose cirrhosis include Liver Function Tests (to check bilirubin levels), Kidney Function Tests (creatinine), Hepatitis B and C screenings, and clotting tests. Imaging such as Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE), MRI, CT scans, and ultrasound may be recommended. In certain cases, a liver biopsy might be necessary.
Treatment options depend on the severity and may include medications or surgery. Patients diagnosed with cirrhosis require continuous monitoring and regular testing to track liver function. Untreated cirrhosis can lead to complications like liver cancer and esophageal varices. When liver transplantation is required, patients are referred to specialized centers.
EMC Hospitals provides comprehensive and advanced treatment for liver diseases and infections. The hospital supports patients through every stage of chronic liver disease with expert care and ongoing monitoring.
A multidisciplinary healthcare team, including counselors and anesthesiologists, manages the liver treatment process to ensure the best possible outcomes.
